时态无疑是初中英语最重要的语法内容,学好时态基本就拿下了语法的半壁江山。 今天总结的八种时态是大家在初中阶段必学必考的,期末复习时一定要加倍重视哦! 一般现在时 标志:动词原形 1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作,常与表频度的时间状语连用: She often speaks English. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等: He seems to feel a bit down today. He works as a driver. 3. 表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中: Shanghai lies in the east of China. Columbus proved that the earth is round. Where there is a will, there is a way. 4. 表示现在瞬间的动作: Here comes the bus! 5. 表示将来 1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如: The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon. How often does the shuttle bus run? 2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情: When Bill comes (不用willcome), ask him to wait for me. I shall go there tomorrow unless I’m too busy. 一般过去时 标志:动词过去式 闭音节:元音字母a, e, i, o, u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节,否则称为闭音节。 1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(e.g. yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when …,in the past等)。如: Jim rang you just now. Liu Ying was in America last year. 2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是usedto do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去常常。如: When I was a kid, Ioften played football in the street. She used to visit her mother once a week. 注意区分sb. used to do sth.(某人过去常常做某事,此处to是动词不定式标志符号)和sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做某事,此处to是介词)。 3. 代替一般现在时,表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用于少数动词(如want, hope, wonder, think, intend等)及情态动词could, would。如: I wondered if you could have a word with me. I hoped you could help me with my English. Would you mind my sitting here? 4. 虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有: It is time that sb. did sth. “某人该做某事了” would rather sb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事” 一般将来时 标志:will / shall + 动词原形 1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,通常与表示将来的时间状语连用(e.g. tomorrow, next week, in the future等)。如: We shall have a lot of rain next month. My husband will come back in a few days. 2. 表示倾向性和习惯性: Fish will die without water. When it gets warmer,the snow will start to melt. 3. 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析: 1) will / shall + 动词原形 多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”) shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称 2) be going to + 动词原形 表示即将发生或打算要做的事: It is going to rain. We are going to have a meeting today. 3) be to + 动词原形 表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作: He is to visit Japan next year. We are to discuss the report on Monday. 4) beabout to + 动词原形 表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如: The plane is about to start. Don’t worry. I amabout to make a close examination on you. 现在进行时 标志:be + 动词的现在分词 1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作: She is writing a letter upstairs. Who are you waiting for? It is raining hard. 2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作(说话时动作未必正在进行): I hear Mr. Green is writing another novel. 3. 表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly,continually, forever等频度副词连用。如: John is forever asking silly questions like astupid. He is always thinking of others first. 4. 表示将来 1) 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如: Uncle Wang is coming. They're leaving for Beijing. 2) 在时间和条件状语从句中,现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如: Please drop in when you are passing my way. If he is still sleeping, don’t wake him up. 过去进行时 标志:was / were + 动词的现在分词 1. 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作,过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the whole morning, all day yesterday, from January to March last year等。如: I was having a talk with Lucy at that time. They were watching TV at home last night. 2. 表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与always, constantly,continually, forever等频度副词连用。如: My brother was always losing his keys. 3. 表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如: He said they were leaving for Beijing thisafternoon. 4. 过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景(一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生): Granny fell asleep when she was reading. It was raining when they left the station.
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